KLK3 and neoplasm: Exosomal miRNAs and ctDNA have emerged as promising liquid biopsy biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy.[27] Exosomal miRNAs offer stability and tumor specificity, while ctDNA provides real-time insights into tumor genomics and clonal evolution.[28] Although both biomarkers show potential advantages over PSA alone, their comparative diagnostic accuracy remains unclear due to variability in study methodologies and the lack of standardized protocols.