Exosomal miRNAs and ctDNA have emerged as promising liquid biopsy biomarkers for the early detection of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy.[27] Exosomal miRNAs offer stability and tumor specificity, while ctDNA provides real-time insights into tumor genomics and clonal evolution.[28] Although both biomarkers show potential advantages over PSA alone, their comparative diagnostic accuracy remains unclear due to variability in study methodologies and the lack of standardized protocols. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.