Furthermore, the Th17/Treg imbalance, commonly seen in both COPD and metabolic diseases, could represent a shared immune disturbance that promotes chronic inflammation.[37,38] In T1DM, Th17, and IL-17 contribute to β-cell autoimmunity, with IL-17 blockade showing protective effects in preclinical models.[39] These immune-related mechanisms warrant further investigation in experimental studies. Here, IL17A is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.