Like SB431542 and VT107 cotreatment, combined silencing of both YAP1 and TGFBR1 were required for robust downregulation of ITGA11 and SMA protein levels and sufficient to significantly attenuate CAF-induced proliferation of directly co-cultured DU145 and PC3 PCa cells (Fig. 10A-D and data not shown). The gene discussed is SMN1; the disease is posterior cortical atrophy.