Such C3 marker upregulation is concordant with our previous observations of cancer cell-induced plasticity of C1 cultures, whereby C1 cultures treated with CM from TGFβ1-/2-secreting PC3 cells significantly upregulated C3/myofibroblast markers in a manner dependent on fibroblast TGFβR activity [43]. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.