NPY and osteoporosis: This reveals the potential pro-osteogenic role of this pathway under specific therapeutic interventions.93 NPY2R expression was significantly increased in an OVX-induced osteoporosis model, and its antagonist, which is capable of crossing the BBB, targeted the hypothalamic Y2 receptor to inhibit NPY release, thereby increasing bone density and mitigating bone loss.74 Collectively, these findings underscore the significance of NPY signaling dysregulation in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.