Through an integrated Venn diagram analysis (Fig. 1A, B), we identified 10 significantly upregulated DUBs (COPS5, JOSD1, PSMD14, UCK2, SENP5, TNFAIP3, UFD1L, USP5, USP31, and USP39) and 2 significantly downregulated DUBs (USP25, and UBL3) in HNSCC compared with nonmalignant tissues. The gene discussed is USP31; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.