On one hand, macrophages directly or indirectly interact with other immune cells to influence tumor progression, as demonstrated by our cell-cell communication analysis, where the interactions between CXCL9 + macrophages and T cells/NK cells, particularly through the CXCL9-CXCR3, CXCL11-CXCR3, and CXCL10-CXCR3 axes, may substantially affect tumor progression. Here, CXCR3 is linked to neoplasm.