FREM1 and neoplasm: While the prior study primarily focused on correlative analyses through bioinformatics and immunohistochemistry to explore associations with clinicopathological traits and immune infiltration, our study provides novel experimental evidence demonstrating that FREM1 overexpression suppresses malignant phenotypes, thereby positioning FREM1 as a key regulator of breast cancer progression with both prognostic value and therapeutic potential for overcoming tumor immunosuppression.