The malignant lesions included 21 papillary renal cell carcinomas (pRCC), 8 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (chRCC), 4 Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion-related renal cell carcinomas (tRCC), and 153 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (cRCC). Here, TFE3 is linked to papillary renal cell carcinoma.