The functional balance between these two SPN populations is crucial for motor control and cognitive processes, and disruptions of their activity are linked to severe symptoms in a wide range of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD (Fuccillo, 2016; Benthall et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2017; Rothwell et al., 2014; Gittis and Kreitzer, 2012). The gene discussed is SPN; the disease is neurodevelopmental disorder.