AQP4 and neoplasm: Importantly, AQP4 has been implicated in several aspects of GBM progression, including enhanced cell migration, resistance to apoptosis, disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward an immunosuppressive phenotype (Amiry-Moghaddam, 2019; Simone et al., 2019; Lan et al., 2022).