Future research can be explored in depth through the following directions: First, use cell models to study the effects of metabolites on the function of islet β-cells and insulin sensitivity; Second, verify their role in the progression of diabetes through animal experiments; Finally, combine multi-omics technologies (such as transcriptomics and proteomics) to comprehensively reveal the metabolic pathways and regulatory networks in which metabolites are involved, and clarify their potential value as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.