2024). Unlike these findings in cervical and gastric cancer cells, in this study, LT treatment led to increased phosphorylation levels of Akt and decreased AQP3 protein expression in the colonic tissue compared to the model group. This is consistent with Zhang et al. (2023), who observed that the Nourishing Yin and Moistening Dryness Formula could activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and downregulate AQP3 to alleviate Yin deficiency constipation. This evidence concerns the gene AQP3 and gastric cancer.