AKT1 and Hepatic fibrosis: Many studies indicate that IGF1R can promote the proliferation and transformation of HSCs into myofibroblast-like cells through activation of classical pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK, which, in turn, secrete a large amount of ECM and are closely associated with hepatic fibrosis (Riedemann and Macaulay, 2006; Zou et al., 2022).