SLC12A5 and epilepsy: These changes are more pronounced in chronically sclerotic hippocampi of adult TLE, where epilepsy-driven plasticity—deafferentation, down-regulation of KCC2, and consequent chloride dysregulation—renders GABAergic signaling depolarizing in subicular pyramidal cells, effectively recapitulating an immature, pro-epileptic state (Cohen et al., 2002).