RACGAP1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: qPCR validation in normal liver and HCC tissues showed that CCNA2, CSRP2, ILF2, KIF2C, RACGAP1, and VARS were significantly upregulated in the HCC group (all p-values < 0.0001) (Figure 13), providing more evidence for their role in liver cancer progression and potential as HCC biomarkers.