AFP and neoplasm: Prognosis is particularly poor for patients with high-risk pathological and clinical features, such as microvascular invasion (MVI), satellite nodules, multifocal tumors, hepatic vein tumor thrombus (HVTT), portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), positive surgical margins, elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP ≥ 400 ng/mL), and large tumor size (particularly >5 cm) (4–8).