TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Correspondingly, elevated pro-inflammatory immunological markers such as Interleukin (IL)-1β, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) have been linked to obesity (Hotamisligil, 2017) as well as to post-COVID condition (PCC), likely produced by overactivated monocytes and macrophages (Schultheiss et al., 2022).