Hormonal dysregulation caused by epilepsy results in reduced levels of testosterone, both in its free and albumin-bound state, lower free androgen index (FAI) and increased concentrations of estradiol (E2), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) (22, 23, 34). The gene discussed is PLOD1; the disease is epilepsy.