(2) Desmopressin infusion, which should be used to prevent a rapid increase of the [Na]S during the treatment of hyponatremias associated with low serum ADH levels and dilute urine [15,20,22,23]. A systematic review [24] and two subsequent retrospective studies [25,26] concluded that prospective studies are needed to establish the benefits and risks of this use of vasopressin. (3) Hormone replacement therapy in hyponatremias associated with specific hormonal deficiencies, e.g., hypothyroidism or adrenal insufficiency [5]. The gene discussed is AVP; the disease is Hyponatremia.