IL10 and COVID-19: In contrast, interleukin-10 (IL-10) is classically anti-inflammatory, limiting inflammation by down-regulating NF-κB-mediated signalling and suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α; paradoxically, elevated IL-10 in severe COVID-19 likely reflects an inadequate counter-regulatory response and has itself been associated with poor outcomes [11].