CXCL2 and hypertensive disorder: The role of Escherichia_Shigella in HTN is further supported by its positive association with elevated IL-1β, CXCL2, and Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) (85, 86), reflecting its ability to infiltrate epithelial cells, induce macrophage apoptosis, and trigger IL-1β release during intestinal inflammation (87).