PDPN and cancer: For instance, circRNAs have been shown to affect critical muscle repair molecules like TGF-β signaling; inhibit developmental signaling pathways such as Wnt and NOTCH1; control the expression of surface differentiation markers like Caveolin 1 (CAV1) and Podoplanin (PDPN); and influence macrophage and T-cell polarization and angiogenesis in various cell types, including cancer, endothelial, and epithelial cells.