STAT3 and cancer: In oncology research, morusin demonstrates cytotoxic and growth-inhibitory effects across multiple cancer cell lines, including breast, liver, lung, prostate, colorectal, and gastric cancers, often through the modulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and key signaling pathways such as NF-κB, STAT3, and PI3K/AKT (Panek-Krzyśko and Stompor-Gorący, 2021).