INS and diabetes mellitus: Additionally, morusin exhibits multifaceted therapeutic effects, including inhibition of α-glucosidase to delay intestinal carbohydrate digestion, amelioration of skeletal muscle insulin resistance, reduction of lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis, improvement of insulin signaling, and mitigation of oxidative stress, collectively contributing to its potential in managing diabetes and related metabolic disorders (Hsu et al., 2022).