MTOR and colonic neoplasm: For example, in colon cancer cells (PC-3 cell line), at curcumin concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 μM, treatment was associated with decreased phosphorylation of Akt kinase (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β), Forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1), and other proteins (Yu et al., 2008).