Concurrently, ischemic stroke leads to elevated levels of lipid peroxidation markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), while the activities of antioxidant enzymes responsible for ROS degradation, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT), are significantly reduced, indicating intensified oxidative stress (Kamal et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene CAT and ischemic stroke.