RTX exhibits substantial efficacy in patients with refractory ASS-ILD, severe ASS-ILD, recurrent or progressive ASS-ILD, and clinically amyopathic DM characterized by rapidly progressive (RP) ILD, as well as in patients with MDA5 antibody-positive DM-ILD (Allenbach et al., 2015; Doyle et al., 2018; So et al., 2018; Ge et al., 2021). Here, IFIH1 is linked to interstitial lung disease.