NFKB1 and neoplasm: These compounds demonstrate multifaceted regulatory effects on critical signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), Wnt/β-catenin, and JAK/STAT, contributing to their ability to inhibit tumor migration and modulate immune responses through M2 macrophage polarization [28,29].