Furthermore, polarization analysis of tumor-associated macrophages showed increased F4/80+CD80+ (M1 phenotype) and decreased F4/80+CD206+ (M2 phenotype) populations (Fig. 3O and P), indicating YFSJF-mediated immunomodulation through both adaptive T-cell activation and innate macrophage reprogramming, thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity. This evidence concerns the gene CD80 and neoplasm.