Personalized neoantigen mRNA vaccines in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma also have a strong rational, eliciting antitumor activity in mice bearing HPV-expressing mEER oropharyngeal and TC-1 lung carcinomas, evidenced by increases in CD8+ T cells and T-cell clonality in the tumor microenvironment (TME) [19]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.