We have shown that low doses of ouabain significantly increase cyst progression in vivo and that ouabain-induced cyst progression depends on the ouabain affinity of NKA, as cyst progression drastically increases in a mouse model where all NKA α1 has been genetically engineered to have a high affinity for ouabain (Trant et al., 2023). Here, TAC1 is linked to cyst.