In tumours, the self-renewal capacity of CSCs and the initiation of tumorigenesis are closely associated with the overexpression of key angiogenic markers, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2), and hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α). Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.