Because the absolute numbers of macrophages, and specifically, M2 macrophages—defined by established conventional markers CD68 and CD163, respectively (52–54)—were comparable between Citrobacter-infected control and GIV-KO intestinal tissues (Supplemental Figure 3, A–D), we conclude that GIV deficiency impairs the healing functions of ColAMs without affecting macrophage trafficking or polarity-defining M2 markers at the site of infection. This evidence concerns the gene CCDC88A and infection.