Collectively, these findings support a dual-pathway model in which ZDHHC13 suppresses metastasis through 2 parallel and partially overlapping mechanisms (Figure 9C): (a) a tumor-intrinsic pathway involving CTNND1 palmitoylation and E-cadherin stabilization (Figures 1–3), and (b) an immune-regulatory pathway involving modulation of the tumor microenvironment via macrophage polarization (Figures 5–8). This evidence concerns the gene CTNND1 and neoplasm.