PLAUR and neoplasm: To addressthese limitations and enhance the throughput capacity of sEV characterization,a dual-reporter platform was utilized to quantitatively assess thebinding of tumor homing peptide (THP)-functionalized sEVs to breastcancer cells using bioluminescence assays and fluorescence microscopy.Twenty-four scrambled variants of the uPAR-binding peptide were designedfor sEV engineering, and their uptake by MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluatedin vitro.