GPT and hepatocellular carcinoma: Furthermore, our earlier study [15] disclosed that CHB patients in the gray zone who did not meet with current Asian-Pacific treatment guidelines (serum HBV DNA levels < 2000 IU/mL or ALT levels < 80 U/L) but had high risk factors for HCC development (older age, male gender, HCC family history and/or serum HBV DNA levels ≥ 2000 IU/mL) were still at risk of HCC development.