In microsatellite-stable (MSS) rectal cancer, which shows limited responsiveness to ICIs, the phase II CHINOREC trial demonstrated that incorporating neoadjuvant ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) into chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was safe and feasible, without elevating surgical risks; however, no significant improvement in pathological complete response (pCR) was observed compared with CRT alone (22% vs 30%) [130]. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is rectal cancer.