PDCD1 and neoplasm: a. The DC1 vaccine significantly reduced tumour volume and prolonged survival in mice without significant side effects.b. Vaccine treatment increased the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes within the tumour, promoted tumour vascular disruption, and decreased tumour vessel density.c. All mice treated with a DC1-DLK1 vaccine exhibited significant anti-tumour effects, and these effects were superior to those of mice treated with DC1 vaccine in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody alone or pulsed with irrelevant peptides.