In conclusion, this study not only clarifies that the STEAP4 protein level under obese conditions is regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway but also suggests that the downregulation of STEAP4 may promote obesity-related metabolic disorders by inducing adipocyte mitochondrial dysfunction, providing a new molecular perspective and theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic diseases. Here, STEAP4 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.