CA9 and glioblastoma: As CA9 is also associated with stemness maintenance in breast and GBM CSC models [57–59], we analyzed it expression in normal adult brain cells (cortex/white matter), Neural Stem cells (NSC), various conventional GBM cell lines (SF763, SF767, U87, U138, U251 & LN18) and our patient-derived NS and their differentiated progenies (Fig. 4A).