Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists [11] (e.g., MPL in Cervarix) and cytokines [12] (e.g., GM-CSF in Provenge) can more effectively activate immune responses, with the oncolytic virus T-VEC achieving a 31% objective response rate in melanoma through GM-CSF expression [13]. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is melanoma.