STING1 and neoplasm: Although next-generation adjuvants like STING agonists can induce stronger Th1 responses [14], they still face three major challenges: (1) the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in solid tumors may compromise adjuvant efficacy; (2) current delivery systems struggle to achieve precise targeting of adjuvants to lymph nodes (LNs) or tumor sites; and (3) potent adjuvants may trigger excessive inflammatory responses while exhibiting issues of high toxicity and cost [15].