Additionally, ROC analysis revealed that both the urinary hepcidin/uCr at 0 h post-surgery (AUC = 0.894) and the perioperative change from baseline (AUC = 0.799) achieved the highest area under the curve, with favourable sensitivity and specificity, indicating strong predictive performance for AKI at this time point (Figs. 2C and 6C). Here, HAMP is linked to acute kidney injury.