Functions related to DNA replication and recombination, including putative transposase (K07497), exodeoxyribonuclease V alpha subunit (recD, K03581), single-strand DNA-binding protein (ssb, K03111), type IV secretion system protein VirD4 (K03205), integrase (int, K14059), and site-specific DNA recombinase (spoIVCA, K06400), showed reduced prevalence among NAFLD-associated viruses, suggesting a potential decline in viral genomic mobility and horizontal gene transfer activity (Fig. 3B). This evidence concerns the gene SSB and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.