PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: DPA, an ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid linked to cardiovascular health and inflammation, ameliorates NAFLD by downregulating SREBP-1c and ChREBP to reduce de novo lipogenesis [34], lowering liver enzyme levels (ALT/AST) [35], activating PPARα to enhance fatty acid oxidation [36], inhibiting NF-κB to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines [37], and improving lipid profiles [38].