TIM-3 upregulation in CD8+TILs has been implicated in HPD in non-small cell lung cancer [30], and our data corroborate this by demonstrating increased TIM-3 expression on CD8+TILs and TIDCs of ID8VEGF-bearing mice with HPD during anti-PD-1 therapy. Here, PDCD1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.