PDCD1 and neoplasm: In the ID8VEGF tumor-bearing mouse model, CD8+TILs after combination therapy of TIM-3 and PD-1 inhibitors displayed the highest cytotoxic function and proliferation and the lowest TOX expression, compared with a single inhibitor or isotype; similarly, the maturation, proliferation, and IL-12 production were increased in TIDCs after combination therapy of TIM-3 and PD-1 inhibitors.