Indeed, a sustained activation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway contribute to amplify the retinal pro-inflammatory profile in PD, as evidenced by a marked increase in the expression of downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and TNFSF10, observed in the retina of H-α-SynOs infused rats. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is Parkinson disease.