EPAS1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma: Earlier work by Cherkasova et al. proposed that Von Hippel-Lindau inactivation underlies selective HERV-E expression in ccRCC, showing linear correlation with HIF-2α levels; paradoxically, they also observed hypermethylation of LTRs in ccRCC [119], suggesting that expression levels may involve a complex interplay beyond simple demethylation.