PRRX1 and cancer: Notably, its functional role is cancer-type specific: PHOX1 acts as a metastasis-promoting oncogene in osteosarcoma by activating TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways [10] and sustains glioma-initiating cells via DRD2 transactivation [11], whereas it exhibits tumor-suppressive activity in clear cell renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting vascular mimicry [12].