Within the TME, hypoxia induces HIF-1α–mediated upregulation of lipid metabolic genes (65, 66), while lactate can be imported by Tregs via MCT1 and converted into pyruvate to stabilize their suppressive phenotype (67).Hypoxia and lactate enhance lipid metabolism within the tumor microenvironment.Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α activation upregulates key lipid metabolic genes such as FASN, SCD1, ACLY, and CD36, thereby promoting lipid synthesis and uptake (3). Here, FASN is linked to neoplasm.