TNF and gout: Conversely, Jin et al. found that miR-155 expression was elevated in a gout mouse model, and overexpression of miR-155 led to inhibition of SHIP-1 levels and enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α and IL-1β),and knocking out miR-155 alleviates inflammation by releasing its inhibition of negative regulatory factors (Jin et al., 2014).