In this context, our immunostaining of IBD mucosal sections revealed that BRD4 is expressed not only by immune cells (i.e., CD3+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD68+ macrophages, and CD11c+DC) but also by stromal cells, suggesting a possible involvement of BRD4 in the function of such cells (Franze et al., 2024a). This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and inflammatory bowel disease.