In colorectal cancer (CRC), GA diminishes the stemness of CSCs through miR-199a-3p-mediated inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Li Y. et al., 2022), whereas in bladder cancer (BCa), GA suppresses EMT and cisplatin resistance via the miR-205-5p/ZEB1 axis, downregulating proteins such as LRP, MRP, and P-gp (Mei et al., 2024). This evidence concerns the gene LRP1 and colorectal carcinoma.