TGFB1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), PLGA-based nanocarriers combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble disruption (UTMD) overcome physiological barriers, markedly increase GA delivery to tumor sites, and restore cisplatin sensitivity by inhibiting the TGF-β and NF-κB signaling pathways (Shao et al., 2020).