STAT3 and neoplasm: Efforts have been made to design GA nanocarriers for the treatment of malignant tumors, such as nanoparticles targeting the STATs pathway, surface-modified STAT3 inhibitors (e.g., small-molecule JAK2 inhibitors) to synergistically inhibit STAT signaling, and formulations that exploit the EPR effect to enhance local drug accumulation in tumor vasculature.