IL-4 and IL-13 work by binding to IL-4 receptor type II, triggering the phosphorylation of JAK1 and tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), leading to the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and STAT6, which enter the nucleus to initiate AD cytokine-related gene expression.77 Here, TYK2 is linked to Alzheimer disease.