TGFB1 and neoplasm: TAMs secrete a broad range of cytokines and growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), epidermal growth factor (EGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and CCL18, which collectively stimulate endothelial cell proliferation and the formation of new vasculature within the tumor microenvironment [72].